Obesity, fat, overweight, social stigma, low self-esteem........ These are words that some people dread because they have a problem that they wish they could get rid off easily but unfortunately after years of trying and much money spent, their condition still remains the same. Overweight people may suffer from low self-esteem and this may affect their work and relationship with others.

Obesity is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans and is increased to a point where it is associated with certain health conditions or increased mortality. Although obesity is an individual clinical condition, it is increasingly viewed as a serious and growing public health problem: excessive body weight has been shown to predispose to various diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, sleep apnea and osteoarthritis.

CLASSIFICATION

1) BMI

BMI, or body mass index, is a simple and widely used method for estimating body fat.  BMI was developed by the Belgian statistician and anthropometrist Adolphe Quetelet. It is calculated by dividing the subject's weight by the square of his/her height, typically expressed either in metric or US "Customary" units:

Metric: BMI = kg / m². Where kg is the subject's weight in kilograms and m is the subject's height in metres.

US/Customary: BMI = lb * 703 / in². Where lb is the subject's weight in pounds and in is the subject's height in inches.

·       A BMI less than 18.5 is underweight

·       A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is normal weight.

·       A BMI of 25.0-29.9 is overweight

·       A BMI of 30.0-39.9 is obese

·       A BMI of 40.0 or higher is severely (or morbidly) obese

·       A BMI of 35.0 or higher in the presence of at least one other significant comorbidity is also classified by some bodies as morbid obesity.

2) Waist Circumference 

BMI does not take into account differing ratios of adipose to lean tissue; nor does it distinguish between differing forms of adiposity, some of which may correlate more closely with cardiovascular risk. Increasing understanding of the biology of different forms of adipose tissue has shown that visceral fat or central obesity (male-type or apple-type obesity) has a much stronger correlation, particularly with cardiovascular disease, than the BMI alone.

3) Body Fat Measurement 

An alternative way to determine obesity is to assess percent body fat. Doctors and scientists generally agree that men with more than 25% body fat and women with more than 30% body fat are obese. However, it is difficult to measure body fat precisely. The most accepted method has been to weigh a person underwater, but underwater weighing is a procedure limited to laboratories with special equipment. Two simpler methods for measuring body fat are the skinfold test, in which a pinch of skin is precisely measured to determine the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer; or bioelectrical impedance analysis, usually only carried out at specialist clinics. Their routine use is discouraged.

Effects on Health

A large number of medical conditions have been associated with obesity. Health consequences are categorised as being the result of either increased fat mass (osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea, social stigma) or increased number of fat cells (diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Mortality is increased in obesity, with a BMI of over 32 being associate witdoubled risk of death. There are alterations in the body's response to insulin (insulin resistance), a proinflammatory state and an increased tendency to thrombosis (prothrombotic state). Disease associations may be dependent or independent of the distribution of adipose tissue. Central obesity (male-type or waist-predominant obesity, characterized by a high waist-hip ratio), is an important risk factor for the metabolic syndrome, the clustering of a number of diseases and risk factors that heavily predispose for cardiovascular disease. These are diabetes mellitus type 2, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and triglyceride levels (combined hyperlipidemia).

Causes

·       Lifestyles: over eating, sedentary lifestyle and excessive consumption of deep fried and oily food

·       Genetics

·       Medical illness

·       Pharmaceutical substances

·       Neurobiological mechanisms: hormonal problems

·       Microbiological aspects: bacteria problems in the digestive tract

Treatment

Allopathic Method

·       Exercise

·       Dieting

·       Drugs: All drugs have side-effects (e.g. gastrointestinal side effects, lowered concentrations of high density lipoprotein-good cholesterol, raise blood pressure, increase mood disorder). Clinical evidence taken from: Rucker D, Padwal R, Li SK, Curioni C, Lau DC (2007). "Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: updated meta-analysis". BMJ 335 (7631): 11949. :. . 

·       Surgery

·       Counseling

Weight Loss Centers Method

·       Strict dietary regime

·       Mechanical inducing: using wraps (to increase body heat), machines, massage or

·       Laser-Lipo (using laser to burn up fat: very painful method).

This method has very mild success and is very costly. The "success" usually comes from  people who do not have a weight problem but have experienced temporary weight gain.

Herbal Method

·       Using appetite suppressant herbs: e.g. hoodia has been known to suppress appetite and thirst but can cause splitting headaches. Hoodia when combined with green tea can cause sleeplessness and nervousness.

·       Using fat burners herbs: scientific research by Korean and Japanese scientists has shown that these herbs Herba Schizonepetae, Gardeniae Fructus Radix Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Forsythiae Fructus and Rheum Palmatum have been proven to be effective in inducing lipolysis (breakdown of fat). These herbs have been used for thousands of years to treat such problem. This method is successful even for people who have tried all the above methods and have not found any significant success.

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Find out what research scientists have found out what herbs can do to reduce weight healthily through thermogenesis (fat burning).

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